Transmission



R. LAPSLEY TRANSMISSION March 3, 1953 Filed May 10, 1951 FIG.

INVENTOR. ROBERT LAPSLEY BY M m, M

ATTYS.

Patented Mar. 3, 1953 zrsotzs UNITED STATES T OFFICE TRANSMISSION.

Robert liapsley; Buchanan, Mich, assiglnor to Clark Equipment Company; Buchanan; Mich, a corporation of Michigan Application .May 10, 1951, Serial No. 225,64

8 -Glaimsr 1 My invention relates. generally to" transmissions, and; more specifically, is directed toa com:- bined manually andlautomatically operable'over drive unit.

Theprimary-obj ect. of "my present invention is to provide a two speed drive which may be-selectively changedund'er. full driving power.v

Another object is. to. provide a selective two speeddrive, without free coasting being possible.

Itmis a further. object of my present invention toprovide an overdrive unit arrangedbetween'a drive shaft. and a driven shaft whereby when the driveshafttends to overrun the driven shaft direct drive is, effectedbetweenthe shafts, and when desired, overdrive between-theshafts may be selectively effected irrespective-of the relative rotations of the shafts, I which selection may be effected against full'diive power:

In the accomplishment of the above" objects, Iprovide'a' drive shaft having a planet carrier-at one end thereof anda driven shaft having an internal ring gear at the end thereof adjacent the planet carrier. An externally splined sleeve member is mounted concentrically about the drive shaft and suitable planet pinions which are carried by the planet carrier are disposed in meshingengagement with the sleevemember and the ring gear. Suitablemeansis provided be.- tweenthe planet carrier andsleeve. member for clutching them together when the drive shaft tendsto overrunthe driven shaft. Such means in the specific form of my inventioncornprises first; clutch. means associated with the planet carrier and second clutch means mounted on the sleeve member for axial movement toward and i away from the first clutch means. External helical threads are formed on theseccnd clutch means and a spring carrier having internal helical threads is disposed inengagement therewith. A coilspring friction clutch is mounted on the spring. carrier andis adapted to normally lightly engage a clutch drum suitably secured to the planet carrier. The coilspring friction clutch isoperable upon ,overruhning of the drive shaft relativeto the driven shaft to clutch the spring carrierto the clutch drum whereby thesecond clutchmeans iscaus ed to be threaded into engagementiwith the first clutch means. When the sleevemember is clutched'to the planet carrier, direct drive is effected between the drive and driven shafts. In order to effect overdrive a brake drumhaving an inwardly directed flange ismounted on the sleeve member and'a brake bandfi's disposed about the brake drum. When the brake band is appliedto thedrum, the s1eeve efiected'betweenrthe shafts;

2-. member isrheldtagainstrotation and the second clutch means isdisengaged from the first clutch means. The-sleeve member acts. as a reaction point. for the planet pinions and overdrive is thus .eiiected Joetweenrthe drive and driven shafts. It is another object of 'my present invention to providean.overdriveunit of. the character describedwhereby when the driven shaft tends to overrun the drive shaft. overdrive is automatically effected between the shafts. In. order, to accomplish the. above object, first brake means is associated. with the overdrive housing andisecondbrake means is mounted on the sleeve member for axialv movement toward and away fromthe first brake means, External helical threads r areformed on the secondbrake means and =a,.spring' carrier havin I interna1.helical threads is .disposed in engagement therewith. A coilspring friction brake. is mounted on the spring carrier: and-isradapted to normally lightly engage a (brake drumsecured to the housing. The coil springfrictionsbrakeois operableupon overrunning: ofthe driven: shaft; relative to the drive shaft: to braheithe-spring carrieryto. the brake drumJvvhereby. thesecond brake means is caused to beethreadedrinto engagement Wth,.the first brake means; With thefirst and secondbrake means'engage'd, the-sleeve member is held against rotation and: overdrive is effected between the di'ive and driverr shafts. Upon overrunning of the driveshaft relative to the drivenshaft, the first and second brake means are-disengaged.

The above described transmission of my present invention may,;for example; be embodredin a tractor-or other-like vehicle. Whenthe vehicle is normallyoperating, the drive shaft of the overdriveunit'tends to overrun'the driven shaft'and direct drive is effected'betweenthe shafts in the manner noted above. When overdrive. or high ratio-drive-is desrredt'he brake band is applied to thebrakedrum. When, for example, a sudden load' is'imposed' on the vehicle, the brake band'may'be' released and'direct drive is again When the brake bandis releasedfro'm the drum .andflthe vehicle begins coasting, the; driven" shaft tends to everrun the drive shaft, and asv described. above, overdrive is" automatically effected between the shafts preventing undesirable free wheeling of the vehicle.

New, inorderto acquaint those skilledin the art with the manner of'constructing andiusin'g the. device ofQmy-presentinvention, Ijshall describe in connection with the accompanying 3 drawing, a preferred embodiment of my invention.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the overdrive unit of my present invention.

Referring now to the drawing, there is shown at 10 an input or drive shaft which is adapted to be suitably driven at the forward or left end thereof as viewed in Figure 1. The shaft I at the rear or right end thereof is formed with a radially extending, circumferentially continuous, flange portion or planet carrier I I and an axially, rearwardly extending, reduced nose portion I2. A plurality of needle bearings I3 are disposed about the outer periphery of the reduced portion I2 and journaled on the needle bearings I3 is the forward end of a rearwardly extending output or driven shaft I4. The forward end of the output shaft I4 is formed with a radially extending, circumferentially continuous, flange portion I5 which at its outer periphery has formed integrally therewith an axially, forwardly extending, annular ring gear portion I6 which overlies the aforementioned flange II of the input shaft IIJ. Internal gear teeth 22 are forme in the annular ring gear portion I6 for a purpose 7 to be hereinafter described.

ment with the internal gear teeth 22 formed in the ring gear portion I6. The planet pinions 2| also have meshing engagement with the external splines I8 formed in the sleeve member I1.

A frame member 23 is provided which is formed with circumferentially spaced axially rearwardly extending projecting portions 24. The axially extending portions 24 are suitably secured, as by bolts 25, to the radial flange portion II of input shaft I0 intermediate of pin members I9. The frame member 23 and flange portion II of shaft I0 form a planet carrier. The forward ends of the pin members I9 are suitably fixed in the frame member 23. The frame member 23 adjacent the sleeve member I1 is formed with radially extending circumferentially spaced clutch or ratchet teeth 26. The flange of a cylindrical clutch drum 21 is suitably secured to the frame member 23 by means of rivets 28. An annular spring carrier 29 is mounted concentrically within the clutch drum 21 and at one side abuts against the frame member 23 and at the other side is held against axial movement by means of a bearing washer 30 seated in the clutch drum 21. The spring carrier 29 carries on its outer periphery a coil spring friction clutch 3I which at one end is fixed to the spring carrier 29 and at its other end is free. The outer periphery of the coil spring friction clutch 3| normally lightly frictionally engages the inner periphery of the clutch drum 21.

The inner periphery of the spring carrier 29 is formed with helical threads 32. An annular clutch element 33 is formed with internal splines 34 which are disposed in cooperating engagement with the external splines I8 of the sleeve memher I1. The clutch element 33 is also formed with external helical threads 35 which are disposed in cooperating engagement with the internal helical threads 32 of the spring carrier 29. The clutch element 33 is formed with radially extending circumferentially spaced clutch or ratchet teeth 36 which are adapted to be disposed selectively in engagement with the clutch teeth 26 of frame member 23.

Splined to the outer periphery of the sleeve member I1 is the radial flange 31 of a brake drum 38. The flange 31 is maintained in position on the sleeve member I1 by means of a pair of retainer rings 39. A suitable brake band 40 is disposed about the outer periphery of the brake drum 33 and the brake band 40 is adapted to be selectively disposed in engagement with the brake drum 38 by means of any suitable actuating mechanism for a purpose to be described hereinafter. V

Mounted on a stationary housing member 4|,

7 as by rivets 42, is a ring member 43 and the radial flange of a cylindrical brake drum 45. The member 43 is formed with radially extending circumferentially spaced clutch or ratchet teeth 44. Disposed concentrically within the brake drum 45 is an annular spring carrier 46 which at its one side abuts against the ring member 43 and at its other side is maintained axially in position by means of a bearing washer 41 seated in the brake drum 45. Disposed about the outer periphery of the spring carrier 46 is a coil spring friction brake 48 which at its one end is fixed to the spring carrier 46 and at its other end is free. The coil spring friction brake 48 is normally adapted to lightly engage the inner periphery of the brake drum 45. The spring carrier 46 is formed at its inner periphery with internal helical threads 49.

A brake element 50 is formed with internal splines 5i which are disposed in engagement with the external splines l8 of the sleeve member I1. Ihe brake element 50 is also formed with external helical threads 52 which are disposed in engagement with the internal helical threads 49 of the spring carrier 46. The brake element 53 is still further provided with radially extending circumferentially spaced clutch or ratchet teeth 53 which are adapted to be disposed selectively in meshing engagement with the clutch or ratchet teeth 44 formed on the ring member 43. Upon initial rotation of the input shaft I0 relative to the output shaft I4, the coil spring friction clutch 3 I, which normally lightly frictionally engages theinner periphery of the clutch drum 21, is twisted in a direction causing radial expansion and thereby is forced tightly into engagement with the clutch drum 21 causing the spring carrier 29 to tend to rotate conjointly with the clutch drum 21. This initial movement of the spring carrier 29 conjointly with the clutch drum 21 causes the clutch element 33 through the action of the cooperating helical threads 32 and 35, to be threaded to the right from the position shown in Figure 1. When the clutch element 33 has been threaded to its extreme right position the ratchet clutch teeth 36 are disposed in engagement with the ratchet clutch teeth 26 thereby positively clutching the sleeve member I1 t0 the input shaft I3 for conjoint rotation therewith. When the sleeve member I1 has been clutched to the frame member 23, the planet pinions .2I are held against rotation relative to the pin'me iaesowzt bars 'l9, i3JI1d th8mutpLlt or "driven eshaft I14 111's "driven at direct drive oraaroneeto one ratio.

Whenit is desired tozdrivethe output or driven shaft M at a lowerratio' ori': higherispeed ratio i than the input oriidrive shaft I 0 the "brake" band a clutch teethl'3' and 26. The planet pinions 2| ,1

"are then free to rotateabout"the' pin members"l9, with the sleeve memberll acting as a reaction point. 'Low ratio drive or overdrive-is thus effected *between the input shaft '40 and Output shaft H throu h the planet pinionsZl.

If the brakeband *is' re1ea'sedfrom engagement with the brake drum'38 -it will be seen that "the sleeve member H 'will-again'befree to rotate. Simultaneously, upon the release'of the brake band 40 the coilspring friction clutch3l will again tightly frictionally 'engage'the clutch drum 27 causing the springcarrier 29 to tend torotate conjointly with the clutch drum 21. This will, as described above, cause" the clutch element" 33 through the action of the cooperating jhelical threads 32 and 35; to be :threadedto the right until the clutch" teeth '36 are disposed in engagement with clutch teeth 26 forprovidingdirct drive or a one-to-one ratio betweentheinput shaft ltl'and theoutputshaft l4.

If the output shaft M should begin to overrun the input shaft III, theengagement of the coil spring friction clutch 3! with -the'clu'tch drum 2': decreases and the spring carrier 29 tends'to rotate with the sleeve member I]. "This causesthe clutch element 33 tobe threaded to'the position shown in Figure I therebyfelfecting disengagement of the clutch teeth 36 and 26. Simultaneously, upon overrunning of the output shaft [4 with'respect to the input shaft ll], the coil spring friction brake 48 begins to tightly engage (the inner periphery of the brake drum whichtends' to brake the spring carrier 46. Braking ofthe spring carrier 46 'causes'the brake elementtflto be "threaded axially to the left, through the action 'of the cooperating helicalithreads 'll9i'and52. (When the brake element 59 has been threaded to its extreme left, position, the ratchet teeth 53 are disposed in engagement with the ratchet teeth 44 which positively holds the sleeve member ll against rotation. With the sleeve member I! held against rotation a reactionpoint is again provided for the planet pinions 2' I and overdrive is effected between the input shaft 10 and the output shaft l4. V

When the input shaft 10 begins to initially overrun the output shaft 14, the brake element 51'] is threaded to the right to the position shown in Figure l, and the clutchelement 33 is simultaneously threaded to the right from the position shown in Figure 1 until the clutchteeth 36 are disposed in engagement withthe clutch teeth 26. Overdrive is interrupted and, directrdrive is again effected.

Frointhe foregoing description it will be-seen that I have rovided an overdrive unit arranged between an inp t or drive shaftandan output or dri en shaft hereby whenlthe in out shaft tends to overrun the output shaft; direct drive is effected between the inputand outputishaitsaand ri when the output shaft tends to 'overrun theinput r shaft, high ratio or overdrive iseffected automat- -ioally' between the input andoutput shafts. 'It will further be noted thatoverdrive maybe manually-selected even-though the-input shaft is overrunning the output shaft, by the application of the brake band -40 to-thebrakedrum 38.

It is -to be further noted that the brake drum fiange 37 is 'mounted to the sleeve member I' l 1:10

element fifl and that'the brake drum 38 overlies intermediate of -the cliitch element 33 and brake the planet carrier and ringgear- ZZ thus provid iing'for -a compactoverdrive unit.

ll; 5 Will be "further I understood "that the tWO speed ratios-may be selectedunder the full drivin'g power'::by -the-application of the brake band to the 'brake drum. -Grad'ual1y clamping the band will smoothlyslowthe brake drum to a stop "eifecting a gradual transition from the direct drive ratio to the over drive ratio,-while graduallyreleasing the brake band will effect a gradual transition from the over-d'rive' ratio back to the direct drive ratio.

While I have shown and-described what I believe to be a preferred embodiment of my invention,: -it-'will be understood that various modifications and rearrangements -may' be made 4 therein without departingfrom the spirit and scope "of my-present invention.

lclaim:

l The combination of,a*housing, a driveshaf-t, aplanet earrier at one endof saiddriveshaft, a

driven shaft, an internal ring gear on theend of said driven shaft adjaeent said planet carriergan externally splined sleeve member mounted concentrically aboutsaiddrive shaft, planet pinions carried 'by-saidplanet carrier and-having meshing "engagement with said ring gear and said sleeve -member, positive clutch means associated withsaid planet carrier and said'sleeve member, first bralre means associated with said housing andsaidsleeve member, second brake means associatedwith saidsleeve member, first 'means for effecting engagement of 'said clutch means when saiddrive-shafttends to overrun said driven shaft whereby .direct drive "is effected between jsaiddriveand driven shafts,said"first meansief- 'fecting disengagementof-said clutch meanswhen "said driven shaft tends to overrun 'said drive shaft or'said second brakemeans'is actuated,

second means for effecting engagement of said firstbrake means when said driven shaft tends to overrun said drive'shaft forproviding overdrive between saiddrive" and driven shafts, said second J means effecting disengagement of said first brake means when said drive shaft tends to overrun said driven shaft, and saidbrake means when gradually actuated being operable to effect .a gradual transition from direct drive to overdriveunder full driving power and when gradually released being operable to effect a gradual transition from overdrive to direct drive under full driving power.

2. The'combination of, ahousing, a'drive shaft, a planet carrier on the end of said drive shaft,

a driven shaft, an internal ring-gear onthe end ing meshing engagement with said ring gear and said sleeve member, first clutch means associated with said .planet carrier, second clutch means carried bysaid sleeve member and movable axially into and out of engagement 'with saidlfirst clutch means, first brake means associated with said sleeve member for effecting braking of the latter, first means between said planet carrier and said second clutch means operable to effect engagement of said first and second clutch means when said drive shaft tends to overrun said driven shaft whereby direct drive is effected between said drive and driven shafts, said first means being operable to effect disengagement of said first and second clutch means when said driven shaft tends to overrun said drive shaft or when said first brake means is actuated, second brake means associated with said housing, third brake means carried by said sleeve member and movable axially into and out of engagement with said second brake means, second means between said housing and said third brake means operable to effect engagement of said second and third brake means when said driven shaft tends to overrun said drive shaft whereby overdrive is effected between said drive and driven shafts, said second means being operable to effect disengagement of said second and third brake means when said drive shaft tends to overrun said driven shaft, and said first brake means when gradually actuated being operable to effect a gradual transition from direct drive to overdrive under full driving power and when gradually released being operable to effect a gradual transition from overdrive to direct drive under full driving power.

3. The combination of, a drive shaft, a planet carrier on the end of said drive shaft, a driven shaft, an internal ring gear on the end of said. driven shaft adjacent said planet carrier, an externally splined sleeve member mounted concentrically about said drive shaft, planet pinions carried by said planet carrier and having meshing engagement with said ring gear and said sleeve member, first clutch means associated with said planet carrier, second clutch means carried by said sleeve member for movement axially toward and away from said first clutch means, external helical threads formed on said second clutch means, an axially fixed annular spring carrier having internal helical threads cooperating with said external helical threads on said second clutch means, a coil spring friction clutch carried on the outer periphery of said spring carrier, and said coil spring friction clutch being operable upon overrunning of said drive shaft relative to said driven shaft to clutch said spring carrier to said planet carrier whereby said second clutch means is caused to be threaded into engagement with said first clutch means for effecting a direct drive between said drive and driven shafts.

4. The combination of, a housing, a drive shaft, a planet carrier on the end of said drive shaft, a driven shaft, an internal ring gear on the end of said driven shaft adjacent said planet carrier, an externally splined sleeve member mounted concentrically about said drive shaft, plane-t pinions carried by said planet carrier and having meshing engagement with said ring gear and said sleeve member, first brake means associated with said sleeve member, first clutch means associated with said planet carrier, second clutch means mounted on said sleeve member for axial movement toward and away from said first clutch means, external helical threads formed on said second clutch means, an axially fixed annular spring carrier having internal helical threads cooperating with said external helical threads on said second clutch means, a coil spring friction clutch carried on the outer periphery of said spring carrier, said coil spring friction clutch being operable upon overrunning of said drive shaft relative to said driven shaft to clutch said spring carrier to said planet carrier whereby said second clutch means is caused to be threaded into clutching engagement with said first clutch means for effecting direct drive between said drive and driven shafts, second brake means formed on said housing, third brake means mounted on said sleeve member for axial movement toward and away from said second brake means, external helical threads formed on said third brake means, an axially fixed annular spring carrier having internal helical threads cooperating with said external helical threads on said third brake means, a coil spring friction brake carried on the outer periphery of the said spring carrier associated with said third brake means, and said coil spring friction brake being operable upon overrunning of said driven shaft relative to said drive shaft to brake said spring carrier to said housing whereby said third brake means is caused to be threaded into engagement with said second brake means for effecting overdrive between said drive and driven shafts, and said first brake means when gradually actuated being operable to effect a gradual transition from direct drive to overdrive under full driving power and when gradually released being operable to effect a gradual transition from overdrive to direct drive under full driving power.

5. The combination of, a drive shaft, a planet carrier on the end of said drive shaft, a driven shaft, an internal ring gear on the end of said driven shaft adjacent said planet carrier, an ex ternally splined sleeve member mounted concentrically about said drive shaft, planet, pinions carried by said planet carrier and having meshing engagement with said ring gear and said sleeve member, a first set of ratchet teeth formed on said planet carrier, a clutch element having internal splines mounted on the external splines of said sleeve member for axial movement toward and away from said first set of ratchet teeth, said clutch element having a second set of ratchet teeth adapted to cooperate with said first set of ratchet teeth of said planet carrier, external helical threads formed on said clutch element, an axially. fixed annular spring carrier having internal helical threads cooperating with said external helical threads on said clutch element, a coil spring friction clutch carried on the outer periphery of said spring carrier, an annular clutch drum secured to said planet carrier, and said coil spring friction clutch being operable upon over running of said drive shaft relative to said driven shaft to clutch said spring carrier to said clutch drum whereby said second set of. ratchet teeth are caused to be threaded into engagement with said first set of ratchet teeth for effecting direct drive between said drive and driven shafts.

6. The combination of, a housing, a drive shaft, a planet carrier on the end of said drive shaft, a driven shaft, an internal ring gear on the end of said driven shaft adjacent said planet carrier, an externally splined sleeve member mounted concentrically about said drive shaft, planet pinions carried by said planet'carrier and having meshing engagement with said ring gear and said sleeve member, a first set of ratchet teeth on said planet carrier, a clutch element having internal splines disposed in engagement with the external splines of said sleeve member and adapted for axial movement toward and away from said planet carrier, said clutch element having a second set of ratchet teeth adapted to cooperate with said first set of ratchet teeth on said planet carrier, external helical threads formed on said clutch element, an axially fixed annular spring carrier having internal helical threads cooperating with said external helical threads on said clutch element, a coil spring friction clutch carried on the outer periphery of said spring carrier, an annular clutch drum secured to said planet carrier, said coil spring friction clutch being operable upon overrunning of said drive shaft relative to said driven shaft to clutch said spring carrier to said clutch drum whereby said second set of ratchet teeth are caused to be threaded into engagement with said first set of ratchet teeth for effecting direct drive between said drive and driven shafts, a third set of ratchet teeth on said housing, a brake element having internal splines disposed in engagement with the external splines of said sleeve member and adapted for axial movement toward and away from said housing, said brake element having a fourth set of ratchet teeth adapted to be disposed in engagement with said third set of ratchet teeth, external helical threads formed on said brake element, an axially fixed annular spring carrier having internal helical threads cooperating with said external helical threads on said brake element, a coil spring friction brake carried on the outer periphery of said last named spring carrier, a brake drum secured to said housing, said coil spring friction brake being operable upon over-running of said driven shaft relative to said drive shaft to brake said spring carrier to said brake drum whereby said fourth set of ratchet teeth are caused to be threaded into engagement with said third set of ratchet teeth, said coil spring friction brake being operable upon overrunning of said drive shaft relative to said driven shaft to effect disengagement of said third and fourth sets of ratchet teeth. a brake drum having a radially inwardly directed flange secured to said sleeve member intermediate said clutch and brake elements, a brake band encircling said drum for selectively braking the latter, and said coil spring friction clutch being operable when said driven shaft tends to over-run said drive shaft or upon braking of said last named brake drum to effect disengagement of said first and second sets of ratchet teeth whereby overdrive is effected between said drive and driven shafts, and said brake band when gradually applied to said brake drum being operable to effect a gradual transition from direct drive to overdrive under full driving power and when gradually released from engagement with said brake drum being operable to effect a gradual transition from overdrive to direct drive under full driving power.

7. The combination of a housing, a drive shaft, a planet carrier at one end of said drive shaft, a driven shaft, an internal ring gear on the end of said driven shaft adjacent said planet carrier, a sun gear mounted concentrically about said drive shaft, planet pinions carried by said planet carrier and having meshing engagement with said ring gear and said sun gear. clutch means associated with said planet carrier and said sun 6 5 Number effecting engagement of said clutch means when said drive shaft tends to overrun said driven shaft whereby direct drive is effected between said drive and driven shafts, said first means effecting disengagement of said clutch means when said driven shaft tends to overrun said drive shaft or said second brake means is actuated, second means for effecting engagement of said first brake means when said driven shaft tends to overrun said drive shaft for providing overdrive between said drive and driven shafts, said second means effecting disengagement of said first brake means when said drive shaft tends to overrun said driven shaft, and said second brake means when gradually actuated being operable to effect a gradual transition from direct drive to overdrive under full driving power and when gradually released being operable to effect a gradual transition from overdrive to direct drive under full driving power.

8. The combination of a housing, a drive shaft, a planet carrier on the end of said drive shaft, a driven shaft, an internal ring gear on the end of said driven shaft adjacent said planet carrier, an externally splined sleeve member mounted concentrically about said drive shaft, planet pinions carried by said planet carrier and having meshing engagement with said ring gear and said sleeve member, first brake means associated with said housing, second brake means carried by said sleeve member for movement axially toward and away from said first brake means, external helical threads formed on said second brake means, an axially fixed annular spring carrier having internal helical threads cooperating with said external helical threads on said second brake means, a coil spring friction brake carried on the outer periphery of said spring carrier, and said coil spring friction brake being operable upon overrunning of said driven shaft relative to said drive shaft to brake said spring carrier to said housing whereby said second brake means is caused to be threaded into engagement with said first brake means for effecting overdrive between said drive and driven shafts.

ROBERT LAPSLEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Rauen Jan. 26, 1932 Normanville Aug. 27, 1935 Cotterman May 3, 1938 Sinclair Dec. 10, 1940 Wemp Mar. 13, 1945 Banker Sept. 11, 1945 Avila Nov. 12, 1946 Greenlee Mar. 9, 1948 Neracher Nov. 9, 1948 Haigh Sept. 13, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Mar. 6, 1924 Great Britain Feb. 13, 1939 Number 

